The Company has chosen to adopt FRS 102, Section 11 Basic Financial Instruments and 12 Other Financial Instruments Issues of FRS 102 in respect of financial instruments.
All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at transaction price, including transaction costs, except for those financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss, which are initially measured at fair value (at transaction price excluding transaction costs) unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are only offset in the Company balance sheet when, and only when, there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the Company intends to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Debt instruments (other than those repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and other accounts receivable and payable, are initially measured at the present value of the future cash flows and subsequently amortised using the effective interest method.
Creditors
Short-term creditors are measured at transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Debtors
Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash is represented by cash on hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments which mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.
Finance costs
Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated financial instrument.
Impairment
Financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed at the end of each reporting period for objective evidence of impairment. If objective evidence of impairment is found, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s effective interest rate. If a financial asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.
For financial assets measured at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and best estimate, which is an approximation of the amount that the Company would receive for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date.
Derecognition
Financial assets are derecognised when and only when:
• the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire or are settled; or
• the Company transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset
to another party; or
• the Company, despite having retained some, but not all, significant risks and rewards of ownership,
has transferred control of the asset to another party.