Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimating uncertaintyIn the process of applying its accounting policies, the company is required to make certain estimates, judgements and assumptions based on the information available. These judgements, estimates and assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses recognised during the reporting periods presented.On an ongoing basis the company evaluates its estimates using historical experience, consultation with experts and other methods considered reasonable in the particular circumstances. Actual results may differ significantly from the estimates, the effect of which is recognised in the period in which the facts that give to the revision become known.Government grantsGovernment grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received.Government grants are recognised using the accrual model and the performance model.Under the accrual model, government grants relating to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis over the periods in which the company recognises the related costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. Grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the entity with no future related costs are recognised in income in the period in which it becomes receivable.Grants relating to assets are recognised in income on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the asset. Where part of the grant relating to an asset is deferred, it is recognised as deferred income and not deducted from the carrying amount of the asset.Under the performance model, where the grant does not impose specific future performance-related conditions on the recipient, it is recognised in income when the grant proceeds are received or receivable. Where the grant does impose specific future performance-related conditions on the recipient, it is recognised in income only when the performance-related conditions have been met. Where grants received are prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria, they are recognised as a liability.Pension costs and other post retirement benefitsThe company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the company’s scheme are charged to profit and loss in the period to which they relate.StockStock is valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value.DebtorsShort term debtors are measured at the transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.CreditorsShort term trade creditors are measured at transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.TaxationTaxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.Current and deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.Current tax is recognised at the amount payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.Deferred taxDeferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that* The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and * Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the difference between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.Financial instrumentsThe company only enters into basic financial instruments transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other debtors and creditors, loans from banks and other third parties, loans to related parties and investments in non-puttable ordinary shares. Debt instruments (other than those wholly repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and other accounts receivable or payable, are initially measured at present value of the future cash flows and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade payables or receivables, are measured initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received. However if the arrangements of a short term instrument constitute a financing transaction, like the payment of a trade debt deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate or in the case of an out-right short-term loan not at market rate, the financial asset or liability is measured, initially, at the present value of the future cash flow discounted are a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument and subsequently at amortised cost.