Q_ACOUSTICS_LIMITED_AND_I - Accounts

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 August 2021.

Business Model

The business operates through three principal sales channels being specialist consumer electronics, installed audio and international. Each of these channels is managed through dedicated sales teams supported by a business wide infrastructure covering finance, warehousing logistics and marketing.

The financial year to 31st August 2021 proved to be very successful for the business despite the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on the bricks and mortar retail sales channel. The pandemic and lockdowns prompted a change in buying habits with a move to online and created additional disposable income, due to the inability to travel, holiday and eat out, that was channelled into other spending categories with audio being a beneficiary. As the year progressed the supply chain became more challenging with component shortages, upward pressure on raw material prices and capacity shortages in the shipping industry that have resulted in delays in the shipping of goods from Asia and significant increases in the container rates. All these challenges are seen as transitory and over the next twelve to eighteen months will ease to benefit of the business. The last twenty-four months have been quite extraordinary and the success of the business owes a great deal to the support of all our employees, our suppliers and key business partners. We have worked together to manage our way successfully through this once in a generation crisis and the support of all our employees and partners is much appreciated.

In terms of trading, sales in the year were £17.9 million (2020 - £13.7 million), which generated an operating profit of £1.6 million. All three core sales channels out-performed our forecasts for the year with the UK business performing particularly well and all our core owned brands of Q Acoustics, QED and Goldring delivered double digit sales growth. The business also benefited from a full year contribution from the Astell & Kern brand and the launch of new products, which included the wireless speaker system Q Active.

Key Performance Indicators

Gross profit percentage in the year increased on the prior year due to mix of business and the stronger exchange rates against the US dollar. Overheads in the year showed a small increase on the prior year with the impact of travel restrictions and working from home keeping operating costs down. The business delivered a return on sales in the year of 10%, which is an excellent result given the economic background.

Product Development

Product development remains a key part of the business strategy and fundamental to delivering future sales growth for the business. The disruption to our projects experienced across 2020 eased as the year progressed, although there were delays that have impacted a number of new product launches. The most significant product launch during the year was the new Q Acoustics wireless speakers “Q Active”, which deliver true wireless audio with the ability to connect to multiple sources including televisions and a host of music on demand services. Looking forward, the business has a strong pipeline of new products scheduled for launch over the next 12 months that are expected to provide a significant boost to annualised sales in the coming years.

As with all businesses, there are a range of risks and uncertainties that have the potential to disrupt the operations of the business. These include product failure, loss of key personnel, customer reliance, competitive market pricing and technology change. However, it is considered that these risks and uncertainties are manageable in the short to medium term. The key risks with a capability to impact the business in a material manner in the near term are:

• Whilst the uncertainty with regard to the Brexit has been resolved through the agreement reached between the EU and the UK Government there remain new processes to implement the agreement reached, particularly in respect to the cross-border customs requirements. The business has adapted its operations to accommodate the new regulations, but it is clear that more time is needed for these new systems to settle down and be fully understood.

• The Covid19 crisis continues to impact the Armour business and whilst there encouraging signs that the worst of this pandemic might be behind us, it will continue to cause disruption to our operations around the world. We are confident that we have the processes in place to manage the current situation with regard to Covid and are well prepared to adapt the business plan to address any new circumstances that Covid-19 might generate.

• The business requires a significant amount of US dollars each year to settle its liabilities with its Far Eastern suppliers and is consequently exposed to foreign exchange volatility between sterling and the US dollar and to a lesser extent, the Euro. Whilst the business seeks to mitigate this risk through a prudent hedging policy and international sales expansion, there remains volatility in foreign exchange that presents risks to the business. The business will continue to hedge its foreign exchange exposure in a prudent manner covering future product purchases and mitigating any potential unfavourable variances.

Outlook

The new financial year has started well for the business with profitability comfortably ahead of the management forecasts. There are challenges to address that relate to the supply chain and the capacity shortages in the shipping industry, but these are seen as transient and are expected to ease over the coming 12 months. The Covid19 crisis, whilst still very much a threat, is showing signs of improvement with the roll out of the global vaccination programs and this should boost consumer confidence going forward. These positives, taken with a very active new product program over the next 12 to 18 months provides a basis for cautious optimism in terms of the profitable financial performance of the business.

On behalf of the board

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 August 2021.

The Group's principal activity is the design, manufacture and supply of products into the hi-fi, home theatre and home entertainment markets, both in the UK and abroad.

Overview

The Company is a holding company for the wider group which incorporates the two main trading entities of Armour Home Electronics Limited and Armour Hong Kong Limited.

Business review

A review of the Group during the year, its position at the year end and an indication of likely future developments are detailed in the Strategic Report on pages 1 and 2.

The results for the year are set out on page 9.

The Group's profit and loss account is shown on page 8 of these financial statements. Sales for the year were £17.9 million (2020: £13.7 million) and the profit from operations was £1.6 million (2020 £0.14 million). The Group's balance sheet is shown on page 10 of these financial statements. This shows the Group's financial position as 31 August 2021 and shareholders' funds of £3.1 million (2020: £1.33 million).

The directors have not proposed a final dividend for the year ended 31 August 2021 (2020: £nil).

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

A key foundation of the group strategy is its investment in research and development, which has continued through the pandemic. The group has a full program of new products under development across all the key brands, which when launched are expected to provide a significant boost to sales over the next 2 to 3 years. However, the impact of the restrictions imposed as part of the response to the pandemic, both in the UK and China, has meant that all new product programs have suffered delays to the scheduled launch dates, with the second half of 2022 expected to be busy with new product launches. The directors regard investment in research and development, and the consequential launch of new and improved products, to be fundamental to driving future sales growth and the continuing success of the business in the medium to long term. Where development costs satisfy criteria set out under the applicable accounting standards, they are capitalised and amortised over the period commensurate with the revenues to which it relates. The directors consider that this treatment of development costs continues to reflect the activities of the group and consequently these financial statements reflect this policy.

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Ensors Accountants LLP be reappointed as auditor of the group will be put at a General Meeting.

As the group has not consumed more than 40,000 kWh of energy in this reporting period, it qualifies as a low energy user under these regulations and is not required to report on its emissions, energy consumption or energy efficiency activities.

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

•     select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•     make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•     state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the ;

•     prepare the on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

We have audited the financial statements of Q Acoustics Limited and its Subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 August 2021 set out on pages 9 to 35. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

•     give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 August 2021 and of the group's profit for the year then ended;

•     have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

•     have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

• the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors' report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

• the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud, the audit engagement team:

• obtained an understanding of the nature of the industry and sector, including the legal and regulatory framework that the company operates in and how the company are complying with the legal and regulatory framework;

• inquired of management, and those charged with governance, about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities, including any known actual, suspected or alleged instances of fraud;

• discussed matters about non-compliance with laws and regulations and how fraud might occur including assessment of how and where the financial statements may be susceptible to fraud.

However, it is the primary responsibility of management, with the oversight of those charged with governance, to ensure that the entity's operations are conducted in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations and for the prevention and detection of fraud.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company’s profit for the year was £0 (2020 - £0 profit).

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

Q Acoustics Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Woodside 2, Dunmow Road, Birchanger, Bishop's Stortford, CM23 5RG.

The group consists of Q Acoustics Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

Basis of preparation

The financial statements are prepared under the historical cost convention.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

The company is a qualifying entity for the purposes of FRS 102, being a member of a group where the parent of that group prepares publicly available consolidated financial statements, including this company, which are intended to give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the group. The company has therefore taken advantage of exemptions from the following disclosure requirements for parent company information presented within the consolidated financial statements:

• Section 4 ‘Statement of Financial Position’ – Reconciliation of the opening and closing number of shares;

• Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instrument Issues’ – Carrying amounts, interest income/expense and net gains/losses for each category of financial instrument; basis of determining fair values; details of collateral, loan defaults or breaches, details of hedges, hedging fair value changes recognised in profit or loss and in other comprehensive income;

• Section 33 ‘Related Party Disclosures’ – Compensation for key management personnel.

In the parent company financial statements, the cost of a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. The excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. The cost of the combination includes the estimated amount of contingent consideration that is probable and can be measured reliably, and is adjusted for changes in contingent consideration after the acquisition date. Provisional fair values recognised for business combinations in previous periods are adjusted retrospectively for final fair values determined in the 12 months following the acquisition date. Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the value of assets (other than goodwill) and liabilities recognised in a business combination accounted for using the purchase method and the amounts that can be deducted or assessed for tax, considering the manner in which the carrying amount of the asset or liability is expected to be recovered or settled. The deferred tax recognised is adjusted against goodwill or negative goodwill.

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Q Acoustics Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

All financial statements are made up to 31 August 2021. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Entities in which the group holds an interest and which are jointly controlled by the group and one or more other venturers under a contractual arrangement are treated as joint ventures. Entities other than subsidiary undertakings or joint ventures, in which the group has a participating interest and over whose operating and financial policies the group exercises a significant influence, are treated as associates.

Investments in joint ventures and associates are carried in the group balance sheet at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the group’s share of the net assets of the entity, less any impairment in value. The carrying values of investments in joint ventures and associates include acquired goodwill.

If the group’s share of losses in a joint venture or associate equals or exceeds its investment in the joint venture or associate, the group does not recognise further losses unless it has incurred obligations to do so or has made payments on behalf of the joint venture or associate.

Unrealised gains arising from transactions with joint ventures and associates are eliminated to the extent of the group’s interest in the entity.

At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The company has considered the impact of COVID19 and the impact on it’s forecasts and working capital requirements for a period of 12 months from the date of signing these financial statements. Thus, the directors have adopted the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Turnover represents amounts receivable for goods and services net of VAT and trade discounts. Turnover is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the customer, which is generally on delivery or when the services have been provided.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Research expenditure is written off against profits in the year in which it is incurred. Development expenditure is written off in the same way unless the directors are satisfied as to the technical; commercial and financial viability of individual projects. In this situation, the expenditure is deferred and amortised over the period during which the company is expected to benefit.

Acquired goodwill is written off in equal annual installments over its estimated useful economic life.

Negative goodwill arising on an acquisition of a subsidiary undertaking is the difference between the fair value of the consideration paid and the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired. Negative goodwill is capitalised and credited through the profit and loss account over the directors' estimate of its useful economic life which is 5 years. Impairment tests on the carrying value of goodwill are undertaken:

•     at the end of the first full financial year period following acquisition; and

•     in other periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the cost or value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.

The company has recognised development cost as an intangible asset as:

•     the projects are clearly defined

•     expenditures are separately identifiable

•     the projects are commercially viable

•     the projects are technically feasible

•     projects income is expected to outweigh cost

•     resources are available to complete the project

Amortisation is recognised so as to write of the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Equity investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.

In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.

Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured to fair value at each reporting end date. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in which event the timing of the recognition in profit or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship.

A derivative with a positive fair value is recognised as a financial asset, whereas a derivative with a negative fair value is recognised as a financial liability.

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events that result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future or a right to pay less tax in the future have occurred at the balance sheet date. Timing differences are differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements that arise from the inclusion of gains and losses in tax assessments in periods different to those in which they are recognised in the financial statements.

Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that the directors consider it more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying timing differences can be deducted.

Deferred tax is measured at the average tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax is measured on a non-discounted basis.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received.

A grant that specifies performance conditions is recognised in income when the performance conditions are met. Where a grant does not specify performance conditions it is recognised in income when the proceeds are received or receivable. A grant received before the recognition criteria are satisfied is recognised as a liability.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. All differences are taken to profit and loss account.

The results of overseas operations are translated at the average rates of exchange during the period and the balance sheet translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling on the balance sheet date. Exchange differences which arise from translation of the opening net assets and results of foreign subsidiary undertakings are taken to reserves.

Exceptional items

Exceptional items are material transactions that derive from events that fall within the ordinary activities of the company. By virtue of their size or incidence such transactions are disclosed separately on the face of the profit and loss account.

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

Bad debt provision

The group makes an estimate of the recoverable value of trade debtors. When assessing impairment of trade debtors management considers factors including the current credit rating of the debtor, the aging profile of debtors, whether covered by insurance and historical experience. The bad debt provision at the end of the accounting period was £50,221 (2020: £63,070).

Stock provision

The group monitors the value of stock lines regularly to ensure stock is recorded and the lower of cost and net realisable value. Where this is not the case a provision is made to write down the value of stock to the correct level. The condition of stock and current market conditions are also taken into account when making stock provisions. The stock provision at the end of the accounting period was £295,542 (2020: £318,373)

An analysis of the group's turnover is as follows:

The disclosure of the geographical analysis of turnover has been dispensed with as in the directors' opinion such disclosure would be seriously prejudicial to the company's interest.

In previous years the company undertook a major operational restructuring reducing the number of locations and outsourcing the warehouse facilities. The costs related to this restructuring included redundancy costs, fixed asset write offs and other related costs.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 3 (2020 - 3).

The actual credit for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge/(credit) for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

At the year end the group had approx. £7.2m of unrelieved tax losses (2020: £7.3m). A deferred tax asset of £1,128,551 has been recognised on these losses.

Impairment tests have been carried out where appropriate and the following impairment losses have been recognised in profit or loss:

More information on impairment movements in the year is given in note 12.

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 August 2021 are as follows:

*These subsidiaries are held by Armour Home Electronics Limited

The long-term loans are secured by fixed charges over the assets of the group.

Under an asset based lending agreement the group can borrow funds based on the value of unpaid sales invoices and stock held in its UK warehouse. Amounts borrowed are secured by way of a cross guarantee and debenture over the assets of the group. Included within bank loans and overdrafts are secured loans of £2,700,073 (2020 - £2,629,753).

Included within other loans are guaranteed loans of £2,380,682 (2020 - £2,843,750), of which £784,091 (2020 - £531,250) is payable in less than one year and £1,596,591 (2020 - £2,312,500) is due after more than one year.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the group or company has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:

The deferred tax asset set out above is expected to reverse within the next few years and relates to the utilisation of tax losses against future expected profits. The deferred tax liability set out above is expected to reverse and relates to accelerated capital allowances that are expected to mature within the same period.

A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund. Contributions totalling £nil (2020 - £16,614) were payable to the fund at the year end and are included in creditors.

The company is party to the Group's funding and credit facilities, under which there are cross guarantees, as detailed in note 22 of these financial statements.

The bank has provided a guarantee to a third party of £113,135 and £70,000 to HMRC in respect of deferment duty.

At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

The company has taken advantage of the exemption available in FRS 102 not to disclose transactions entered into between two or more members of a group.

The company has a guaranteed loan agreement with Hawk Investment Holdings Limited (Transferred from Armour Group Plc, a company which was previously the parent company) for £1,187,500 (2020 - £1,343,750). The company incurred loan interest of £130,428 (2020 - £138,321) during the year.

The company is controlled by its directors. No one individual has controlling interest in Q Acoustics Limited.