Transonics PLC - Limited company accounts 20.1

REGISTERED NUMBER: 01280694 (England and Wales)

Strategic Report,

Report of the Directors and

Financial Statements

for the Year Ended 31 August 2021

for

TRANSONICS PLC

Page

Company Information

1

Strategic Report

2

Report of the Directors

7

Report of the Independent Auditors

9

Income Statement

13

Other Comprehensive Income

14

Balance Sheet

15

Statement of Changes in Equity

16

Notes to the Financial Statements

17

DIRECTORS:

Mrs H French

D A French

SECRETARY:

Mrs H French

REGISTERED OFFICE:

Breakspear Park

Breakspear Way

Hemel Hempstead

Hertfordshire

HP2 4UL

REGISTERED NUMBER:

01280694 (England and Wales)

AUDITORS:

JLA (UK) Ltd

42 Lytton Road

Barnet

Hertfordshire

EN5 5BY

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 August 2021.

The company has performed well against a backdrop of challenging business conditions and market uncertainty.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the business and the company has had to adapt to new working practices in accordance with government guidelines.

The company's directors believe that, with the continued development of products and new business contracts, combined with careful management of the company's resources, the company will continue to trade profitably and meet its obligations as they fall due.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS

Turnover up by 34%

The results for the year show pre-tax profits of £1,182,654 (2020: £473,844) and turnover of £13,089,119 (2020; £9,777,362). The increase reflects the company's continued growth and the work undertaken to explore different markets internationally with new product launches and securing new contracts with established brands.

Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit during the year as a percentage of sales was 30% (2020: 31%)

Profit after taxation

The profit for the year after taxation was £991,140 (2020: £410,494)

Cash at bank

The balance in hand at 31 August 2021 was £1,251,720 (2020: £1,037,420)

Shareholders' Funds

As at 31 August 2021 these stood at £2,131,368 (2020: £1,140,228)

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The management of the business and the execution of the company's strategies are subject to a number of risks. The business risks and uncertainties affecting the company are considered to relate to competition, technology and the state of the UK manufacturing base. The external commercial environment is expected to remain competitive and challenging for the foreseeable future, particularly given the uncertainties surrounding Brexit and the UK's trading relationship with Europe.

The directors are confident that the company will maintain its current level of performance.

In the programming business there has been continued investment in new technology to ensure that the production process continues to be competitive.

In the distribution business there is continued investment in people and systems in order to deliver an efficient service to customers. This all serves to ensure the continued success of the company's businesses.

Key risks and the company's response to these risks are shown below.

1- Financial Risk Management

The company's financial instruments comprise of cash at bank, loan and overdraft facility at the company's disposal. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to raise adequate finance for the company's operations, together with management of working capital.

The main risk arising from the company's financial instruments is liquidity risk. As can be seen from the cash flow notes in the annexed financial statements, the company currently does not suffer from a liquidity problem. It alleviates this risk by agreeing credit terms with its customers and suppliers.

2- Foreign Currency Risk

The company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuation as most the company's purchases are in foreign currencies

The company minimises this risk by engaging in forward contracts.

3- Customer concentration risk

As with any business of its size, the company relies on a relatively small number of customers for a large percentage of its turnover. The loss of a key customer can have a detrimental impact on earnings.

The company is focused on customer retention by supplying top rate products and service as well as obtaining new customers thus broadening the number of key customers.

4- Competitive pressure risk

The company operates in a highly competitive market environment and performance may suffer if there is a loss of competitiveness vis-a- vis its customers.

5-Credit risk

Default by customers on receivables could negatively affect the earnings.

Credit is assessed and monitored by the company and where risk is judged to be high, more stringent credit terms are implemented.

6- Loss of supply of critical products.

Loss of supply of critical products from key suppliers could affect the company's ability to provide the products to its customers.

Where possible, the company attempts to dual source all key products from multiple suppliers. The company also endeavours to maintain supply contracts with all key suppliers.

SECTION 172(1) STATEMENT

Directors statement of compliance with duty to promote the success of the Company

Under Section 172(1) of the companies Act 2006, the Board has a duty to act in good faith and in a way that would be most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its shareholders with having regard to matters set in S172(1) (a-f) of the Act:

(a) the likely long-term consequences of decisions;

(b) the interest of the Company's employees;

(c) the need to foster the Company's business relationship with suppliers, customers and other stakeholders;

(d) the impact of the Company's operations on the community and the environment;

(e) the desirability of the Company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business and conduct; and

(f) the need to act fairly as between the Company's owners.

To discharge their S172(1) duties, the Board had regard to the factors set out above in making the principal decisions taken by the Company.

General confirmation of Directors' duties

When making decisions, each director ensures that he/she acts in the way he/she considers, in good faith, would most likely promote the Company's success for the benefit of its members as whole, and in doing so have regard (among other matters) to:

S172(1) (A) "The likely consequences of any decision in the long-term"

The Directors understand the evolving environment in which the business operates, including the challenges imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic in the short-term and the long-term. The Directors have taken several decisions which they believe best support the Company's ambitions to survive the pandemic and to grow in order to ensure the best outcome for all stakeholders.

S172(1) (B) "The interest of the company's employees"

The Directors recognise that the employees are fundamental and core to the business and the delivery of the strategic ambitions. The success of the business depends on attracting, retaining and motivating employees. From ensuring that we remain a responsible employer, pay and benefits, to our health and safety in the workplace environment, which was ever more important during the challenge presented by the Covid19 pandemic. The Directors factor the implications of decisions on employees and the wider workforce, wherever relevant and feasible.

S172(1) (C) "The need to foster the Company's business relationships stakeholders

Fostering positive relationships with key stakeholders, such as customers and suppliers, is important to the success of the Company's business. With regards to suppliers, the company enjoys close relationship with its suppliers with range from large international manufacturers to local logistics and couriers. With regards to customers, the Company has a diverse range of customers across all sectors of the engineering and electrical industry, in additions the company has large customer base across the hospitality and healthcare industries for their supply of electronic dispensers and dryers.

S172(1) (D) "The impact of the Company's operations on the community and environment"

The Board recognises that the environmental impact of the Company's operations is an ever more important consideration and as such they promote green behaviours including implementing policies to help reduce the Company's carbon footprint. The Company uses existing couriers and logistics companies to deliver their products to local customers instead of own delivery vehicles and believe that this helps reduce their carbon footprint. In addition, a green approach is adopted in the warehouses and office by promoting recycling and reducing the use of plastic. The company believes this also adds to our positive presence in the local community as a responsible employer.

S172(1) (E) "The desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct"

The Directors consider it crucial that the Company maintains a reputation for high standards of business conduct. The Board is responsible for setting, monitoring and upholding the culture, values, standards, ethics, brand and reputation of the Company. Management drives the embedding of the desired culture throughout the organisation and its values of quality, service, honesty, innovation, efficiency and relationships are driven throughout the heart of the business and in everything we do, reflected in our policies and practices and how we deal with others. These values and standards guide decision making and promote success, including the long-term consequences of those decisions.

S172(1) (F) "The need to act fairly as between members of the company"

After weighing up all relevant factors, the Directors consider which course of action best enables delivery of their strategy through the long-term, taking into consideration the impact on stakeholders. In doing so, the Directors act fairly as between the Company's members but are not required to balance the Company's interest with those of other stakeholders, and this can sometimes mean that certain stakeholders interest may not be fully aligned.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

D A French - Director

13 May 2022

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 August 2021.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY

The principal activity of the company in the year under review was that of manufacture of electronic components.

DIVIDENDS

No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 August 2021.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

The company has commenced investment in the development of a fully integrated, reporting and quality control processes that will ensure its staff have access to the latest technology in recording and communicating data, and analysis to its customers.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

The directors intend to maintain and invest in the management policies, quality system and technology that have supported business growth to date and which will allow the company to be increasingly efficient.

DIRECTORS

The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 September 2020 to the date of this report.

Mrs H French

D A French

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The company's financial instruments comprise bank balances, bank overdrafts, trade creditors, trade debtors and loans to the company. The main purpose of these instruments is to finance the company's operations. Due to the nature of the financial instruments used by the group, there is no exposure to price risk.

In respect of bank balances, the liquidity risk is managed by maintaining a balance between the continuity of funding, and flexibility through an overdraft facility. The company makes use of money market facilities, as appropriate.

The company has a loan from the related pension scheme, on which there is a variable rate of interest. The company manages the liquidity risk by ensuring that there are sufficient funds available to meet the payments due.

Trade debtors are managed for credit and cash flow risk by the strict application of policies over the credit offered to customers, and by regular monitoring amounts outstanding for both time and credit limits.

Trade creditors liquidity risk is managed by ensuring sufficient funds are available to meet amounts falling due.

POLITICAL DONATIONS AND EXPENDITURE

During the year, the company made charitable donations of £84,509 (2020: £31,604). No political donations were made during the year.

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-	select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

-	make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

-	state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

-	prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information.

AUDITORS

The auditors, JLA (UK) Ltd, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

D A French - Director

13 May 2022

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Transonics Plc (the 'company') for the year ended 31 August 2021 which comprise the Income Statement, Other Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheet, Statement of Changes in Equity and Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

-	give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 August 2021 and of its profit for the year then ended;

-	have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

-	have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

-	the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

-	the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

-	adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

-	the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

-	certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

-	we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page eight, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:

The engagement partner and engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the company and affect on the financial statements or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation and data protection, anti-bribery, employment, environmental and health and safety legislation; we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making enquiries of management.

The identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit.

We assessed the susceptibility of the company's financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining on how fraud might occur, by:

- Making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge

of actual, suspected and alleged fraud;

- And considering the measures in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations.

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override controls, we:

- Performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;

- Tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions

- Assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates that were

indicative of potential bias.

- Performed substantive testing on management expenses and transactions

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures which included, but were not limited to:

- Agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation;

- Enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims

- And reviewing available correspondence with HMRC and the company's legal advisors.

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance.

Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.

Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Jeffrey Ian Lermer, FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of JLA (UK) Ltd

42 Lytton Road

Barnet

Hertfordshire

EN5 5BY

13 May 2022

TURNOVER

4

13,089,119

9,777,362

Cost of sales

9,163,084

6,749,643

GROSS PROFIT

3,926,035

3,027,719

Distribution costs

171,959

159,705

Administrative expenses

2,573,140

2,374,775

2,745,099

2,534,480

1,180,936

493,239

Other operating income

24,527

-

OPERATING PROFIT

6

1,205,463

493,239

Interest receivable and similar income

158

143

1,205,621

493,382

Interest payable and similar expenses

7

22,967

19,538

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

1,182,654

473,844

Tax on profit

8

191,514

63,350

PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR

991,140

410,494

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

991,140

410,494

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

-

-

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR

991,140

410,494

FIXED ASSETS

Tangible assets

9

497,607

66,407

CURRENT ASSETS

Stocks

10

1,940,174

1,658,720

Debtors

11

2,744,604

1,825,568

Cash at bank

1,251,720

1,037,420

5,936,498

4,521,708

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

12

3,654,280

3,127,462

NET CURRENT ASSETS

2,282,218

1,394,246

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

2,779,825

1,460,653

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due after more than one year

13

(559,390

)

(229,092

)

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES

18

(89,067

)

(91,333

)

NET ASSETS

2,131,368

1,140,228

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

19

250,000

250,000

Share premium

20

24,612

24,612

Capital redemption reserve

20

25,000

25,000

Retained earnings

20

1,831,756

840,616

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

2,131,368

1,140,228

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 13 May 2022 and were signed on its behalf by:

D A French - Director

Called up

Capital

share

Retained

Share

redemption

Total

capital

earnings

premium

reserve

equity

£

£

£

£

£

Balance at 1 September 2019

250,000

430,122

24,612

25,000

729,734

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

410,494

-

-

410,494

Balance at 31 August 2020

250,000

840,616

24,612

25,000

1,140,228

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

991,140

-

-

991,140

Balance at 31 August 2021

250,000

1,831,756

24,612

25,000

2,131,368

1.	STATUTORY INFORMATION

Transonics Plc is a private company , registered in England and Wales. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the Company Information page.

The presentation currency of the financial statements is the Pound Sterling (£).

2.	ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions

The company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemption in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland":

•

the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows.

Turnover

Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes.

Tangible fixed assets

Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life or, if held under a finance lease, over the lease term, whichever is the shorter.

Plant and machinery

-

12.5% on cost

Fixtures and fittings

-

20% on cost

Motor vehicles

-

25% on cost

Computer equipment

-

33% on cost

Government grants

Grants are accounted under the accruals model. During the year, Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) income has been received and is recognised under other income.

Stocks

Stock is stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after making due allowances for obsolete and slow moving items.

At each balance sheet date, stock is assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying value amount is reduced to its selling price less cost to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss account.

Financial instruments

The company only enters into basic instruments transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other accounts receivable and payable, loans from bank and other third parties, loans to related parties.

Debt instruments like loans and other accounts receivable and payable are initially measured at present value of the future payments and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method; Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade payables or receivables, are measured, initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received. However if the arrangements of a short term instrument constitute a financing transaction, like the payment of a trade debt deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate or in case of an outright short-term loan not at market rate, the financial asset or liability is measured, initially and subsequently, at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument.

Financial assets that are measured at cost and amortised cost are assessed at the end of each reporting period for objective evidence of impairment. If objective evidence of impairment is found, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. If a financial asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.

For financial assets measured at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and the best estimate. Which is an approximation, of the amount that the company would receive for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position when there is an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Taxation

Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date.

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Research and development

Expenditure on research and development is written off in the year in which it is incurred.

Foreign currencies

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling and recorded at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transactions. Balances denominated in foreign currency are translated into sterling at the exchange rate prevailing at the Balance Sheet date.

Hire purchase and leasing commitments

Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts or finance leases are capitalised in the balance sheet. Those held under hire purchase contracts are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Those held under finance leases are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is the shorter.

The interest element of these obligations is charged to profit or loss over the relevant period. The capital element of the future payments is treated as a liability.

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate.

3.	CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY

The judgements made by the directors, in the application of the accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainties were as follows;

Impairments of trade debtors:

A provision for the impairment of trade debtors is established when there is objective evidence that the company will not be able to collect all outstanding amounts in full, or there are indications that collection is doubtful, which requires judgement from management.

4.

TURNOVER

The turnover and profit before taxation are attributable to the one principal activity of the company.

An analysis of turnover by geographical market is given below:

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

United Kingdom

11,594,010

8,640,925

Europe

1,290,399

929,069

Rest of the world

204,710

207,368

13,089,119

9,777,362

5.	EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Wages and salaries

1,082,224

1,222,598

Social security costs

136,221

138,854

Other pension costs

26,202

22,253

1,244,647

1,383,705

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:

31.8.21

31.8.20

Sales

19

21

Administration

8

10

27

31

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Directors' remuneration

14,964

19,884

6.	OPERATING PROFIT

The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting):

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Other operating leases

56,668

54,357

Depreciation - owned assets

26,839

24,800

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

62

-

Auditors' remuneration

19,783

20,108

Foreign exchange differences

(67,754

)

(14,724

)

7.

INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Bank interest

644

1,257

Loan

22,323

18,281

22,967

19,538

8.

TAXATION

Analysis of the tax charge

The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows:

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Current tax:

UK corporation tax

108,780

98,213

Over/under prov in prior year

-

(43,768

)

Total current tax

108,780

54,445

Deferred tax

82,734

8,905

Tax on profit

191,514

63,350

UK corporation tax has been charged at 19% (2020 - 19%).

Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss

The tax assessed for the year is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below:

31.8.21

31.8.20

£

£

Profit before tax

1,182,654

473,844

Profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2020 - 19%)

224,704

90,030

Effects of:

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

9,783

11,390

Capital allowances in excess of depreciation

(124,973

)

(3,207

)

Utilisation of tax losses

(734

)

-

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous periods

-

(43,768

)

Deferred taxation

82,734

8,905

Total tax charge

191,514

63,350