CPI_WILLIAM_CLOWES_LIMITE - Accounts

The directors present the strategic report and financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2022.

Business Strategy & Objectives

The company’s strategy and that of the broader CPI Group continues to be focused on optimising production, growing market share and to create value for our customers.

Revenue for the year ended 31 March 2022 was £8.6m (2021: £7.3m), a increase of 17.8% on the previous year. Gross profit for the year ended 31 March 2022 was £3.15m (2021: £2.32m), a increase of 35.8% on the previous year.

The directors believe that the company will continue to trade profitably at gross margin level in the future, and continues to be a strategic member of the CPI Group.

During the year ended 31 March 2022 CPI saw a increase in the volumes in the market in which CPI William Clowes Limited operates. Run lengths continue to decline resulting in higher re-print activity. The wider CPI Group company will continue to invest in the most appropriate technology to keep pace with the market changes. CPI William Clowes Limited benefited from a number of cost saving initiatives during the year giving rise to improved results despite the drop in volume.. The company continues to monitor its cost base in order to mitigate pressure from market price reductions and increase in material costs.

The directors are satisfied that the company is well placed to react to external market forces and to meet customer demands.

Principal Risks

The principal risks of the business revolve around the Group’s ability to maintain order intake, high quality production to pre-agreed deadlines and management of costs and overheads in a highly competitive environment. The increase in orders coupled with reducing run lengths is a key challenge for the industry. The company will continue to focus on maintaining operational efficiency despite these challenges.

Key Performance Indicators

The company considers its key performance indicators to be turnover and gross profit, and regularly monitors its performance by measuring these figures against budgets and forecasts. Turnover and gross profit are reflected in the profit and loss account. The Board and management team also regularly monitor the performance of the company through a range of key performance indicators, which are related to health and safety performance, and a number of operational metrics related to efficiencies and output.

Refinancing

Since the balance sheet date the company (as part of CPI Group (UK) Ltd) has completed a refinancing exercise for the benefit of the CPI UK operating companies. The refinancing involved the renegotiation of the hire purchase facilities over an extended period, as well as a new £4m loan facility that can be drawn down. The funds generated from the facility have been used to fully repay the government backed CLBILS loan, held at UK parent company level, as well as an accelerated payment of £5.850m to the trustees of the Defined benefit pension scheme.

On behalf of the board

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2022.

The results for the year are set out on page 9.

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend. (2021: £Nil).

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

The company made no political donations or incurred any political expenditure during the year. (2021: £Nil).

Applications for employment by disabled persons are always fully considered, bearing in mind the aptitudes of the applicant concerned. In the event of members of staff becoming disabled, every effort is made to ensure that their employment within the company's continues and that the appropriate training is arranged. It is the policy of the company that the training, career development and promotion of disabled persons should, as far as possible, be identical to that of other employees.

The company's policy is to consult and discuss with employees, through unions, staff councils and at meetings, matters likely to affect employees' interests.

Information of matters of concern to employees is given through information bulletins and reports which seek to achieve a common awareness on the part of all employees of the financial and economic factors affecting the group's performance.

The details of the accounting policy on going concern are set out in note 1.2.

The auditor, KPMG LLP, are deemed to be reappointed under section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006.

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law they have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with UK Accounting Standards and applicable law (UK Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework.

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

•     select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•     make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

•     state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

•     assess the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern; and

•     use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the company and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.

The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company's auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditor is aware of that information.

We have audited the financial statements of CPI William Clowes Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 March 2022 which comprise the profit and loss account, the balance sheet, the statement of changes in equity and related notes, including the accounting policies in note 1.

In our opinion the financial statements:

•     give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 March 2022 and of its profit for the year then ended;

•     have been properly prepared in accordance with UK accounting standards, including FRS 101 ; and

•     have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (“ISAs (UK)”) and applicable law. Our responsibilities are described below. We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities under, and are independent of the company in accordance with, UK ethical requirements including the FRC Ethical Standard. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is a sufficient and appropriate basis for our opinion.

Going concern

The directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis as they do not intend to liquidate the company or to cease its operations, and as they have concluded that the company’s financial position means that this is realistic. They have also concluded that there are no material uncertainties that could have cast significant doubt over its ability to continue as a going concern for at least a year from the date of approval of the financial statements (“the going concern period”).

In our evaluation of the directors’ conclusions, we considered the inherent risks to the company’s business model and analysed how those risks might affect the company’s financial resources or ability to continue operations over the going concern period.

Our conclusions based on this work:

• we consider that the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate;

• we have not identified, and concur with the directors’ assessment that there is not, a material uncertainty related to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for the going concern period.

However, as we cannot predict all future events or conditions and as subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgements that were reasonable at the time they were made, the above conclusions are not a guarantee that the company will continue in operation.

Fraud and breaches of laws and regulations – ability to detect

Identifying and responding to risks of material misstatement due to fraud

To identify risks of material misstatement due to fraud (“fraud risks”) we assessed events or conditions that could indicate an incentive or pressure to commit fraud or provide an opportunity to commit fraud. Our risk assessment procedures included:

•    Enquiring of directors as to the Company’s high-level policies and procedures to prevent and detect fraud, as well as whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected or alleged fraud.

•    Reading Board minutes.

•    Considering remuneration incentive schemes and performance targets for senior management and directors.

•    Using analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships

We communicated identified fraud risks throughout the audit team and remained alert to any indications of fraud throughout the audit.

As required by auditing standards, and taking into account possible pressures to meet profit targets and our overall knowledge of the control environment, we perform procedures to address the risk of management override of controls and the risk of fraudulent revenue recognition, in particular the risk that revenue is recorded in the wrong period, and the risk that Company’s management may be in a position to make inappropriate accounting entries.

We did not identify any additional fraud risks.

We performed procedures including:

•    Identifying journal entries to test based on risk criteria and comparing the identified entries to supporting documentation. These included those posted with unusual account pairings.

Identifying and responding to risks of material misstatement due to non-compliance with laws and regulations

We identified areas of laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the financial statements from our general commercial and sector experience, and through discussion with the directors (as required by auditing standards), and from inspection of the Company’s regulatory and legal correspondence and discussed with the directors and other management the policies and procedures regarding compliance with laws and regulations.

We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout our team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout the audit.

The potential effect of these laws and regulations on the financial statements varies considerably.

The Company is subject to laws and regulations that directly affect the financial statements including financial reporting legislation (including related companies legislation), distributable profits legislation, and taxation legislation. We assessed the extent of compliance with these laws and regulations as part of our procedures on the related financial statement items.

Whilst the Company is subject to many other laws and regulations, we did not identify any others where the consequences of non-compliance alone could have a material effect on amounts or disclosures in the financial statements.

Context of the ability of the audit to detect fraud or breaches of law or regulation

Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards would identify it.

In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of fraud, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. Our audit procedures are designed to detect material misstatement. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance or fraud and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.

Strategic report and directors’ report

The directors are responsible for the strategic report and the directors’ report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover those reports and we do not express an audit opinion thereon.

Our responsibility is to read the strategic report and the directors’ report and, in doing so, consider whether, based on our financial statements audit work, the information therein is materially misstated or inconsistent with the financial statements or our audit knowledge. Based solely on that work:

• we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors’ report;

• in our opinion the information given in those reports for the financial year is consistent with the financial statements; and

• in our opinion those reports have been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.

Under the Companies Act 2006 we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:

•     adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

•     the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

•     certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or

•     we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or

•     the directors were not entitled to take advantage of the small companies exemption from the requirement to prepare a strategic report.

We have nothing to report in these respects.

As explained more fully in their statement set out on page 4, the directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view; such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; assessing the company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue our opinion in an auditor’s report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the website of the Financial Reporting Council at: http://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities.

The purpose of our audit work and to whom we owe our responsibilities

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

There are no other comprehensive income in either period other than the results shown above.

The notes on pages 13 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

CPI William Clowes Limited is a company limited by shares incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales. The registered office is 110 Beddington Lane, Croydon, CR0 4TD.

These financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (“FRS 101”). The amendments to FRS 101 (2014/15 Cycle) issued in July 2015 and effective immediately have been applied.

In preparing these financial statements, the Company applies the recognition, measurement and disclosure requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU (“Adopted IFRSs”), but makes amendments where necessary in order to comply with Companies Act 2006 and has set out below where advantage of the FRS 101 disclosure exemptions has been taken.

The Company’s ultimate parent undertaking as at 31 March 2022, Elpis Holdings Ltd includes the Company in its consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements of Elpis Holdings Ltd are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and are available to the public and may be obtained from Elma House, Beaconsfield Close, Hatfield, AL10 8YG.

In these financial statements, the company has successfully applied the exemptions available under FRS 101 in respect of the following disclosures:

•     Cash Flow Statement and related notes;

•     Certain disclosures regarding revenue;

•     Certain disclosures regarding leases;

•     Comparative period reconciliations for share capital, tangible fixed assets, intangible assets and investment properties

•     Disclosures in respect of transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries;

•     Disclosures in respect of capital management;

•     The effects of new but not yet effective IFRSs;

•     An additional balance sheet for the beginning of the earliest comparative

•     Disclosures in respect of the compensation of Key Management Personnel;

•     Disclosures of transactions with a management entity that provides key management personnel services to the company; and

•     Disclosures required by in respect of the cash flows of discontinued operations.

The Company proposes to continue to adopt the reduced disclosure framework of FRS 101 in its next financial statements.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported for assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the amounts reported for revenues and expenses during the year. The key judgement includes intangible assets, useful economic life and capitalisation. Please refer to relevant accounting policy note for more details.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £000.

The financial statements are prepared on the historical cost basis. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

Notwithstanding net current liabilities of £5,873,000 as at 31st March 2022, a profit for the year then ended of £183,000, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which the directors consider to be appropriate for the following reasons.true

The directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for a period to 31 March 2024 which indicate that, taking account of reasonably possible downsides, the company will have sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they fall due for that period. Should there be any additional need, the ultimate parent company, Elpis Holdings Limited have indicated that they would provide the funding needed.

These forecasts are dependent on Elpis Holdings Limited providing additional financial support during that period, if required. Elpis Holdings Limited has indicated its intention to continue to make available such funds as are needed by the company for the period covered by the forecasts. As with any company placing reliance on other group entities for financial support, the directors acknowledge that there can be no certainty that this support will continue although, at the date of approval of these financial statements, they have no reason to believe that it will not do so.

The Company is part of the Elpis Holdings Limited Group. The Group has prepared cash flow forecasts for the period to 31 March 2024 for the Group collectively as financing is managed at a Group level. The cash flow forecasts indicate that, taking account of reasonably plausible downsides, the Group will have sufficient funds to meet its liabilities as they fall due for that period.

Consequently, the directors are confident that the company will have sufficient funds to continue to meet its liabilities as they fall due for at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements and therefore have prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis.

Turnover represents the amounts (excluding value added tax) derived from the provision of goods and services to customers during the year.

Turnover is recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the end customer, which is usually on despatch.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on despatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

Depreciation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each asset over its expected useful life, as follows:

Financial assets (including trade and other debtors)

A financial asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if objective evidence indicates that a loss event has occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that the loss event had a negative effect on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.

An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. For financial instruments measured at cost less impairment an impairment is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount and the best estimate of the amount that the Company would receive for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date. Interest on the impaired asset continues to be recognised through the unwinding of the discount. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.

An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than stocks and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested individually are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in respect of CGUs are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the units, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit (group of units) on a pro rata basis.

In respect of other assets, impairment losses recognised in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset's carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is based on the FIFO principle and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the stocks, production or conversion costs and other costs in bringing them to their existing location and condition. In the case of manufactured stocks and work in progress, cost includes an appropriate share of overheads based on normal operating capacity.

Net realisable value is the estimated selling price less all estimated costs of completion and costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distribution.

IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance for all fair value measurements. IFRS 13 does not change when an entity is required to use fair value, but rather provides guidance on how to measure fair value under IFRS when fair value is required or permitted. The company is exempt under FRS 101 from the disclosure requirements of IFRS 13. There was no impact on the company from the adoption of IFRS 13.

Tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the profit and loss account except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity or other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised directly in equity or other comprehensive income.

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The following temporary differences are not provided for: the initial recognition of goodwill; the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect neither accounting nor taxable profit other than in a business combination, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they will probably not reverse in the foreseeable future. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.

A deferred tax asset is recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised.

A provision is recognised in the balance sheet when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, that can be reliably measured and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax that reflects risks specific to the liability.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of inventories or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which the company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognised as an expense in the profit and loss account in the periods during which services are rendered by employees.

The Company has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach and therefore the comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under IAS 17.

At inception, the company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease within the scope of IFRS 16. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Where a tangible asset is acquired through a lease, the company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Right-of-use assets are included within tangible fixed assets, apart from those that meet the definition of investment property.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs and an estimate of the cost of obligations to dismantle, remove, refurbish or restore the underlying asset and the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of other tangible fixed assets. The right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are unpaid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, and the cost of any options that the company is reasonably certain to exercise, such as the exercise price under a purchase option, lease payments in an optional renewal period, or penalties for early termination of a lease.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in: future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate; the company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; or the company's assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

The company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of machinery that have a lease term of 12 months or less, or for leases of low-value assets including IT equipment. The payments associated with these leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Grants in respect of capital expenditure are credited to a deferred income account and are released to the profit and loss account over the expected useful economic lives of the relevant assets.

Government grants are included within accruals and deferred income in the balance sheet and credited to the profit and loss account on a systematic basis over the estimated useful economic lives of the assets to which they relate or over the periods in which the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate are recognised as expenses. Amounts recognised in the profit and loss are presented under the heading 'Other income'.

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the Company’s functional currencies at the foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are retranslated to the functional currency at the foreign exchange rate ruling at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are stated at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates the fair value was determined. Foreign exchange differences arising on translation are recognised in the profit and loss account.

Non-derivative financial instruments

Non-derivative financial instruments comprise trade and other debtors, cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other creditors.

Trade and other debtors

Trade and other debtors are recognised initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses.

Trade and other creditors

Trade and other creditors are recognised initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Cash and cash equivalent

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form and integral part of the Company's cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents.

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are outlined below.

The Company must determine whether there are indicators of impairment of the Company's tangible assets. Factors taken into consideration in reaching such a decision include the economic viability and expected future financial performance of the asset and where it is a component of a larger cash-generating unit, the viability and expected future performance of that unit.

Stock and work in progress is valued at the lower cost and net realisable value. Net realisable value includes, where necessary, provisions for slow moving and obsolete stocks.

Tangible fixed assets are depreciated over their useful lives taking into account residual values, where appropriate. The actual lives of the assets and residual values are assessed annually and may vary depending on a number of factors. In re-assessing asset lives, factors such as technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance programmes are taken into account. Residual value assessments consider issues such as future market conditions, the remaining life of the asset and projected disposal values.

The Company enters a provision for expected credit losses of trade receivables based on discussion with the customer, account manager and the Group CFO.

Lease liabilities

The discount rate used to calculate the lease liability is the incremental borrowing rate. Incremental borrowing rates are determined based on a series of inputs including: the term of the arrangement; the amount of funds 'borrowed'; a country-specific risk adjustment based on the economic environment, currency and date at which the lease is entered into; and an adjustment for the company's credit risk.

An analysis of the company's turnover is as follows:

Turnover and profit before taxation were generated wholly from the company's principal activity of book manufacture.

The company's net assets are all employed in the United Kingdom and are utilised in the company's principal activity.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The Directors were employed by, and received their emoluments from CPI UK Management Co Limited during the period. These Directors holding office during the year consider their services to the Company to be incidental to their other duties within CPI Group and accordingly no remuneration has been apportioned to the Company (2021: £nil).

The charge for the year can be reconciled to the profit/(loss) per the profit and loss account as follows:

The company has estimated losses of £1,862,036 (2021:£2,139,674) available for carry forward against future trading profits.

The company has deferred tax assets of £628,218 (2021:£378,680) of which £465,509 (2021:£406,538) relates to losses. In accordance with the guidelines of IAS 19 Deferred Taxation, the deferred tax asset has not been provided due to the uncertainty surrounding its recovery.

An increase in the UK corporation tax rate from 19% to 25% (effective 1 April 2023) was substantively enacted on 24 May 2021. This will increase the company's future current tax charge accordingly. The deferred tax asset at 31 March 2022 has been calculated based on these rates, reflecting the expected timing of reversal of the related timing difference (2021: 19%).

Tangible fixed assets includes right-of-use assets, as follows:

Raw material and work in progress recognised as cost of sales in the year amount to £2,090,808 (2021: £2,058,071).

There was no write down of stocks in the current or previous year.

The directors consider that the carrying amount of debtors is approximately equal to their fair value.

Trade accounts receivable are due within one year. The impairment of trade accounts receivables reflects the level of expected losses on the customer portfolio from the outset of the receivable. The non-collection risk on trade receivables is minimal, and this is reflected in the level of the allowance, which 8% of gross receivables at the end of 2022 (2021: 9%). At the year end the Company has no significant trade receivables overdue but not impaired

Finance lease obligations are classified based on the amounts that are expected to be settled within the next 12 months and after more than 12 months from the reporting date, as follows:

It is the company's policy to lease certain equipment under finance leases. The average lease term is five years. The average effective borrowing rate for the year was 8%. Interest rates are fixed at the contract date. All leases are on a fixed repayment basis and no arrangements have been entered into for contingent rental payments.

The fair value of the company's lease obligations is approximately equal to their carrying amount.

The amounts included within amounts due to group undertakings are interest free and repayable on demand.

All the assets and shares of the company are charged with a debenture in favour of Royal Bank of Scotland plc and in order to secure certain financing arrangements between CPI SA, its subsidiary undertakings and its bank. The borrowings of the Group under these arrangements are disclosed in the consolidated accounts of the ultimate holding company, Elpis Holdings Limited.

Deferred revenues are classified based on the amounts that are expected to be settled within the next 12 months and after more than 12 months from the reporting date, as follows:

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.

A brief summary of the rights of each class of shares is set out below. These rights are set out in full in the company's articles of association.

'A' and 'B' ordinary shares

The holders of the 'A' and 'B' shares have equal rights as regards dividends, voting and in the event of a winding up of the company the sharing of net proceeds. All shares are equity shares.

The capital contribution reserve has arisen as a result of the write off of a loan with an associated company that has now been liquidated, resulting in a capital contribution from the immediate parent undertaking.

During the year, CPI William Clowes entered into transactions with Cameron France Investissement and CPI S.A.S..

During the year, the management charges from Cameron France Investissement to CPI William Clowes amounted to £92,383 (2021: £61,944) and from CPI S.A.S. to CPI William Clowes Limited amounted to £107,611 (2021: £102,302).

At the balance sheet date the amount due from CPI William Clowes Limited to Cameron France Investissement was £91,888 (2020: £43,832) and to CPI S.A.S. was £137,744 (2021: £79,171).

The Company has been a subsidiary undertaking of Elpis Holdings Limited, which is the ultimate parent company and is incorporated in the United Kingdom, since 9 April 2019. The smallest undertaking for which group financial statements are prepared is Cameron France Holdings SAS, incorporated in France, and the largest group is Elpis Holdings Limited. No other group financial statements include the results of the company. The consolidated financial statements of this group is available to the public and may be obtained from Elma House, Beaconsfield Close, Hatfield, AL10 8YG.